Drawdown-- 30 April 2009

It's that time of year at Kokopelli Wildlife Area. The time when we drawdown our seasonal wetland cells to grow the moist soil plants to feed next year's migratory waterfowl. By drawing down during this time of year, we tend to germinate our most desired waterfowl food plants-- primarily smartweeds and watergrass. You can see extensive mudflats in these photos. The mudflats are areas that we disked last summer in order to keep the vegetative communities at an early successional stage.
By drawing the water down gradually, we concentrate the invertebrates that have been multiplying all year long, creating ideal feeding conditions breeding waterfowl and for migrating shorebirds like these:

long billed dowitcher

western sandpiper

killde--wait! that's not a killdeer

semi-palmated plover

(notice only a single breastband and a white forehead--also much smaller)

blacknecked stilt

We also concentrate larger prey items such as fish and crayfish to help feed other species like these:

American white pelican

notice the plate on the bill which only grows during breeding season

This next bird is a fairly uncommon visitor to Kokopelli WA and it reminds me of fishing from a boat on Lake Sabrina with my father and brother. I used to have a lot of fun watching them dive and then trying to predict where they would pop back up.

western grebe

We also have a large heron, egret and cormorant rookery. Right now they are trying to feed their young and the steady supply of easy pickings during drawdown helps them out quite a bit.

I only was out of the truck for about an hour, but when I got back, I felt one of these near my boots. I found another one later in my office and I still feel about a hundred phantom(?) ticks crawling all over me.

Species Spotlight, Vol. 2, Killdeer, 24 April 2009

Sorry...It's been a month to the day. Here you go, Gramps--a reprieve from the French Fry Sparrows.

Species Spotlight, Vol. 2, Killdeer


Order: Charadriiformes


Family: Charadriidae


Species: Charadrius vociferus

Anyone who has been around Killdeer (especially during the nesting season) can probably guess how they got their specific name. Can you say noisy? The killdeer is one of several species of birds that are very adaptable to human activity. They often nest on gravel roads (such as the bird featured here today). Ordinarily I wouldn't recommend placing a nest of eggs on a roadway, but they seem to know how to pick out the edges where they won't meet rubber doom. Another location where killdeer are often successful nesters is on rooftops and they have been observed keeping their eggs cool in temperatures up to 138 degrees by soaking their belly feathers in water. The young reared on rooftops have been observed surviving falls of up to 50 feet. One thing they haven't adapted to, however, are raingutters, with the young sometimes becoming stranded as they cannot fly.


The killdeer is a type of shorebird known as a plover, which as a group are often identified by their short bill, round head, and plump body. A lot like Grandpa, except his bill is probably longer. A common bird here at Kokopelli WA, the killdeer is very striking with its red eye, orange rump and smooth lines.


The killdeer has several adaptations for nesting on the ground. It exhibits a plumage pattern called disruptive coloration, allowing it to blend in extremely well with gravel roads and other nesting substrates. The double breast band and the lines on its face are two examples of this.



Additionally, their eggs are spotted and streaked in order to blend in with the surrounding rocks. The killdeer places these eggs in a carefully scraped out nest. On gravel roads, they are often lined with small, white pieces of quartz.

While sitting at the nest, or when protecting young, the parent exhibits a distraction technique to lure predators away from the nest when disturbed. They put on a very believable (and noisy) broken wing distraction dispaly worthy of an award from the Academy.

After the young hatch, they are on their feet immediately, running around almost as well as their parents, although the do trip and fall from time to time--something which causes my children to giggle hysterically whenever they see it. They can't fly until they get older and their downy feathers are replaced with genuine flight feathers.

References:

Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds

The Sibley Guide to Birds